1. Why is sulphate-resisting cement not used in marine concrete?
The main components of Portland cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate,
tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. In sulphate-resisting cement, it
contains a low amount of tricalcium aluminate in order to avoid sulphate attack. Otherwise,
tricalcium aluminate would react with sulphates to form calcium sulphoaluminate and
gypsum that cause expansion and crack the concrete structure.
However, for marine concrete sulphate-resisting cement should not be used because
tricalcium aluminate has high affinity for chloride ions. This is based on the possible
reaction of chloride ions and tricalcium aluminate to form calcium chloroaluminate hydrate
as suggested by P. Kumar Mehta (1991) and the reduction of which may increase the rate of
chloride attack to the concrete marine structure and result in faster corrosion of steel
reinforcement in marine structures.
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