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Building a home is an exciting venture. Homeowners get to choose wall coverings, flooring materials, up-to-date appliances, room size variances, and windows and doors. But, what most homeowners do not realize is that building a home starts from the ground up, from the foundation.
The most important step to building a new home is choosing the most efficient and safe foundation for your property location. Researching foundation bases is essential in securing the structure of your new home. Some contractors are knowledgeable about foundations and will help you choose which is best for your home. But, there are many who will pour a foundation of their choosing without discussing the choice with you, the homeowner.
Two foundation choices that a new homeowner should be aware of are slab-on-grade foundations and pier and beam foundations. The two are quite different when it comes to construction, cost, and longevity.
Slab-on-grade foundations are constructed with reinforced concrete and are usually shallow, quickly built, and inexpensive. For a builder that doesn't have to live in the homes that he builds, slab foundations are a dream. Slab foundations are used with homes that do not have basements. A major disadvantage to slab-on-grade foundations is that they are not resistant to seasonal movement changes and moisture disbursement due to root growth. In other words, slab foundations are not a long-term option for homes in North Texas. Another disadvantage is that generally all piping is placed under the slab foundation causing a very costly procedure should a water pipe burst.
Pier and beam foundations, on the other hand, rate a few steps above a slab-on-grade foundation. Pier and beam foundations incorporate a crawl space (usually at least 18 inches) beneath the home and footings filled with concrete to support the slab. This type of foundation is not considered a time saver, but it is safer and more convenient. The crawl space allows access to heating and plumbing utilities without having to break through the concrete slab. The piers mean foundations are less susceptible to damage due to ground shifting, a problem many North Texas homes with slab foundations experience. If extreme ground shifting does occur, the foundation is easily adjusted, a process that is much less expensive than slab foundation repairs, a process most homes in North Texas will have to undergo.
Since pier and beam foundations leave homeowners walking on a suspended wood platform, they are much easier on the body's joints. Pier and beam foundations are preferred by back pain suffers over slab foundations.
Pier and beam foundations are generally used for homes built in the Northern part of the country because the climate consists of the freeze and thaw conditions. This condition requires that the foundation be built deeply in to the ground. The safety feature here is that deep foundations are very rarely affected by climate changes. But, the shifting grounds of North Texas make pier and beam foundations the best, longest-lasting choice for foundations in the area.
Monster Constructors is professionally known for laying pier and beam foundations in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. They will test the ground on which the home is to be built to decipher the best foundation for that particular area.
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There are a number of instances where a concrete foundation repair is necessary in order to maintain the structural integrity of a building.
These could be a partial collapse of the building, as a result of water intrusion or an earthquake, or damages caused by overloading a structural deck or slab, or a failure of the foundation due to an improper installation.
In any instance where it appears the concrete footings need to be repaired, a detailed evaluation of the problem, followed by repair recommendations from a structural engineer, is the first step.
Most likely, the building or structure exhibited some signs, or there were indications that pointed to a problem with the concrete foundation.
Typical signs could be a sagging roof line, cracks in the plaster or stucco, or the building is unstable under certain loads.
In the worst-case scenario, a building might be red-tagged, and the inhabitants would have to vacate until the building inspector released the building as safe.
Once the structural engineer has generated a set of repair plans, a licensed concrete contractor will be employed to perform the repairs.
The contractor will start by excavating in order to expose the damaged sections of the foundation, and depending on the extent of the repairs, shoring may be needed to support one, or more sections of the building while the repairs are accomplished.
With the shoring in place, the damaged foundations can be removed using a jack hammer, or heavy equipment if necessary.
A typical concrete foundation repair will include embed rebar dowels, that are installed into the adjacent, undamaged concrete using a commercial, two-part epoxy.
Depending on the type of concrete foundation that's in place, it may be necessary to cut the adjacent concrete slab in order to remove the damaged section of foundation.
A smooth saw cut will allow for embed dowels to be installed per the engineer's specifications.
In addition, the repair will require embed dowels at either end of existing foundation.
The next step will be to install forms for the new section of foundation, and install the steel rebar in the footing.
The rebar is either tied or welded to the dowels to form the continuous reinforcing system.
Once the forms and rebar have been inspected, the foundation concrete can be poured in place, and the anchor bolts and structural hold-downs can be located in the fresh concrete.
When the concrete has initially set, the forms can be stripped and the excavation can be hand back-filled.
However, the back-fill cannot be compacted until the concrete has cured to a specified strength.
With many commercial buildings, samples of the concrete are sent to a lab for testing, and the test reports will indicate at what point the concrete foundation will sustain a load.
When the concrete has achieved the specified strength, the back-fill can be compacted, and any walls or other parts of the structure that were removed can be replaced.
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Sooner or later, every house undergoes remodeling work. Sometimes, remodeling happens because rooms, especially kitchens and bathrooms, need updating. Other times, homeowners want to upgrade wall-to-wall carpeting with wood flooring, or adding ceiling fans, or installing skylights.
Expanding a home's living space by building an addition is a remodeling category that deserves special attention. Rather than working within the existing "footprint" of a house, building an addition calls for a new foundation, which must be properly designed, constructed, and joined to the existing foundation. Given the small size of many older houses, it's not uncommon to find houses that have been through such a remodeling process more than once.
Joining new to old can cause problems
It's not uncommon for homes with additions to develop structural problems, especially foundation problems. There are a number of reasons for this. The contractor who builds the addition is usually not the contractor who built the house, so he may not be familiar with soil conditions that can cause foundation damage, such as expansive clay soils.
If the budget for the addition is tight, some contractors take shortcuts to ensure a profit -examples include placing footings at shallow depths, omitting steel reinforcement that can make the foundation stronger, and "scrimping" on gravel and drainage tile that helps move water away from the new foundation.
Water Intrusion
Other foundation problems that can come up with house additions include water intrusion because of missing or improper gutters and downspouts, and moisture issues related to dirt-floored crawl spaces.
Crawl space foundations are very popular for additions because they are inexpensive, and they can be built with minimal excavation. Unfortunately, many contractors choose to build crawl space foundations that are vented to the outside and have dirt floors. They then install fiberglass insulation between the floor joists of the crawl space. This construction technique is almost certain to result in excessive moisture that introduces mold into the living space above, corrodes ductwork and other HVAC components located in the crawl space, and degrades fiberglass insulation.
Solutions to Foundation Problems
Fortunately, all of the above-mentioned problems can be corrected. But instead of calling on the contractor who built the addition to make foundation repairs, it's smarter to call in a foundation repair specialist.
Even if the addition's foundation has cracked and settled, a foundation repair specialist has the tools, materials and training to repair these problems rather than demolishing and replacing the damaged foundation. Foundation repair experts often install steel piers to stabilize settled foundation walls and also to raise settled sections back to their original positions. General contractors who build home additions aren't trained to make foundation repairs, and don't have access to steel piers, foundation wall brackets, wall anchors and similar foundation repair materials. Also, they don't have the hydraulic equipment to install piers and actually raise settled slabs, footings and walls.
Even if the foundation for a home addition hasn't sustained damage such as cracking, bowing or settling, there may be other problems that need to be addressed. For example, a vented, dirt-floored crawl space should really be sealed and insulated to avoid moisture-related problems such as mold, rotted framing and sheathing, and energy loss due to inadequate insulation. By sealing the crawl space, insulating the walls with rigid foam, and installing a drainage system if necessary, the addition is certain to be more comfortable, more energy efficient, and free of durability issues that often plague structures with vented, dirt-floored crawl spaces.
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Having a very stable and level slab will ensure the life of the foundation of any building or home, and is a necessity for any structure. There are a couple of different trusted methods to ensure that a slab is well supported, and supported for extended periods of time. Some wonder as to why a slab might need added support, or need support in general, and the causes range from cracks in the slab, to the ground shifting beneath the slab, to unevenness over time from pressure coming from on top of the slab.
One way of ensuring a safe slab and foundation is by using a floor slab support type system. Helical anchors will be installed along the floor slab, and then the floor will actually be completely raised to where everything is sitting level. It is raised properly and safely by a mechanical jack, and then kept in place by firm strata. After this raising process has occurred, cement is poured in the necessary areas to ensure everything is supported correctly, and that this support will last a long time. This process can even be warranted for life if you get it done by a professional company that takes pride in their work.
Another popular method of supporting a slab foundation is used if there are cracks or unevenness in the foundation itself. This method is called pressure grouting, and it differs from using a slab raising type system. What this process entails is that special grout-like cement is forced under the sunken part of the concrete or slab to ensure that it goes back to being level again. The reason while people use this process is that it is very affordable, and better option than replacement, and can be done in a very timely manner, making it much more plausible than total replacement of the slab or foundation.
There are many different needs to why someone needs to reinforce the support to their foundation or slab, or why they should do it quickly. When it comes to the foundation of a home, ensuring the slab is up kept is paramount to safety. When it comes to driveways and sidewalks, you do not want a slab to get too off level, or let it sink too much, because eventually it will be non repairable, and will need to be replaced. Slab support is simply a much more affordable option and method in to making sure your slab is level and safe rather then totally replacing it.
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Foundation repair for someone's home is often only thought of in times of an emergency.
The home owner may be sitting in his or her living room when they notice a crack in the wall, or in more severe cases, they see a large crack in the bricks on the exterior of the house. This is disturbing to say the least.
Often one's home is their most expensive investment. Sometimes foundation problems are discovered upon the home owner wanting to sell the house and buyer has hired an independent inspector. Time and money are even more crucial because the own is trying to sell his/her home fast while making enough for a down payment on another house.
How can one fix foundation problems? Some call professionals and some do it themselves. Professionals use many different techniques and methods. Mud jacking is one process used by foundation experts to fix foundation problems. There are two methods of this this technique: filling the void and raising the interior floors.
Filling the Void
Often times, foundation problems in certain parts of Texas are the result of the perimeter of the foundation settling. When building a house concrete piers are installed under the perimeter grade beam. The first attempt to fix the problem is by using industry tools to return the house to its original position. After the readjustment, a void is usually created under the main slab.
Professionals then use a "mud jacking" technique to fill this void. This is done by drilling 2" holes through the perimeter grade beam surrounding the house and pumping a mixture of soil and cement grout into the void. Then the holes are filled with a fluid mix of soil/cement grout.
Raise Interior Floors
In other situations, the interior portion of the slab may have settled. Mud jacking is used to raise interior floors is accomplished from the inside of your home by drilling 2" holes through the slab in the areas that have settled and pumping a mixture of soil/cement grout under the foundation. This method uses a stiff mix of soil/cement grout and is often associated with more complicated foundation problems.
Although it sounds simple enough, this can be a delicate and involved process to do correctly. Being familiar with the common land issues around the area and through extensive experience, the process can become second nature to seasoned professionals.
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One of the problems homeowners may experience poor, is the basis of damage to their homes. This type of problem can be very costly in the long run, not to mention very unpleasant for you and your family. Unfortunately, this is a very common problem for homeowners whose houses are built on clay.
To find out if you have trouble foundation
If you suspect might be a potential problem with your foundation, you should immediately appoint a plumber and comingInspect pipes and sewer lines checked for leaks. The results can be obtained from these controls will be especially useful of the Foundation, you can set to examine the situation.
Calling several control specialists Foundation repair in your home, your next step. These specialists are the factors to look for potential gaps, as well as internal measures. After the examination will be one of us, a report on its findings to be completed to understand the situation, and estimates for the cost of repair.
Troubleshooting
You should never try to correct the damage to the foundation on their own. Problems of this kind should always refer to professionals specifically trained to be left of these types of situations.
Reinforcement of structure of the house is the only way to create problems to solve. The type of media you will use depends on many factors. They use the different medium> structure with different types of land. The depth of the pillars depends on the type of land that is under your house. These pillars come in many different sizes and lengths. And 'your work to a contractor who knows what kind will be used for the specific situation in rent. In any case, you should never rely on the opinion of one hand. A request for a second opinion from a professional engineer will be very useful for you.